Need some coffee?

Maybe it is just because I’m supposed to be limiting my caffeine intake, but I’m craving a good cup of coffee right now.  Still, I may have found myself a good person to make my future purchases from eighteen months or so from now when I’m back in the market for highly caffeinated beverages like coffee:  Fatbrain Coffee

 A group of Polk County kids took a simple idea, used a basic marketing strategy, picked a favorite commodity and is turning profit. The home-based business called FatBrain Coffee is teaching kids ages 8 to 15 the value of a dollar.  tampabays 10

Homeschooled kids.  With a curriculum designed by a homeschooling mother who found it so successful she has applied some of those lessons to herself and is selling the curriculum from her website.

Just one more thing I like about homeschooling:  the ability to do things truly meaningful and productive with a child’s education.

Homeschooler in Germany to be guest on Home School Talk

Update:  The show is posted, however we had some technical difficulties and there is a bit of dead air.  I will edit that and the irrelevant segment our later so it might be better to listen to the show tomorrow when it will be shorter and without so much silence.  OK, make that tonight.  The show is edited, but won’t be available until I re-host the show.  I probably will be able to do that this evening, when my husband gets here.  I tell you…it has been one thing after anothe with computers, phones, etc. 

Rina, an Irish woman homeschooling her children in Germany will join me on Home School Talk Monday, July 21 at 1 PM CST to talk about homeschooling in Germany and her recent experience presenting her petition before the European Parliament Petitions Committee.

The situation for homeschoolers in German has made a lot of news recently as the state has become more aggressive in pursuing homeschoolers and has rejected virtually all exceptions, save for child actors and musicians.  Educating Germany is one of the best places to keep up with all the newest developments.

Please join us Monday to listen to Rina’s experiences, plans and ask her your own questions!

Also, I am looking for a possible co-host to make the show a little more conversational and a little less of a monologue from me.  If you think you might be interested, please contact me at homeschooltalkshowATgmailDOTcom and we can talk it over.

European Commission to open dialogue with Germany regarding homeschooling

Perhaps a little light in the darkness for homeschoolers in Germany, many of whom are foreigners. Catherina (better known around here as Rina) recently traveled to Brussels to make her presenation before the European Parliament Petitions Committee regarding Germany’s persecution of homeschoolers, specifically those of other nationalities homeschooling in Germany.  The presentation reportedly went well.  The commission expressed reluctance to meddle with the laws of member nations, however…and this was a big however…they were willing to open a dialogue with Germany to try to persuade lawmakers to consider accepting homeschooling as a viable educational alternative at least in some cases.  Of course, any allowance provides hope for future broadening of the law.

Congratulations, Rina!  The following is the press release:

European Commission to open dialogue with Germany on their hypocritical home schooling law following Irish petition

    A petition on a ban on home schooling, hosted by Kathy Sinnott, MEP for Ireland South, was discussed in the European Parliament Petitions Committee this morning. Catherina Groeneveld, the petitioner and an Irish citizen married to a South African, travelled to Brussels to present her petition to the Petitions Committee and Commission.
    Catherina and her family moved to Germany temporarily because of her husband’s job. She chose for linguistic and other reasons to home-school her children while in Germany. She was surprised to find that not only was home schooling illegal, home schoolers were subject to persistent harassment by local authorities.
    Catherina lodged a petition with the Petitions Committee in 2007 making the case that Germany’s education policy contradicts the freedom of workers within the EU. She as an Irish citizen has a constituted right to educate her children and Germany’s refusal to accommodate her makes it hard for her family to work in Germany. This is in clear contradiction to the EU’s mobility of workers. In her presentation, the petitioner pointed out that foreigners who home school their children are subject to harassment, fines, jail sentences, removal of their children by the Jugendamt (children’s courts) and criminalisation. 15 out of the 16 German States allow exemptions but only to circus children and young people who have music careers. These exemptions do not extend to foreigners. Such families who wish to home school their children are subjected to draconian measures. Catherina points out that if her family were German citizens living in Ireland, they would be encouraged by the German authorities who would offer her the national curriculum to teach her children at home. The petitioner asked the Petitions Committee to help the German Government rectify this hypocrisy.
    The Petitions Committee have been paying close attention to this petition and both the Committee and the Commission congratulated the petitioner on an impressive presentation. The Commission have decided to open a dialogue to put this issue on the agenda of their regular meetings with Germany. The Petitions Committee is already embarking on a report of abuses by the Jugendamt towards non-German parents and has decided to include this aspect in the report. German law, unlike Ireland, identifies the State as the principle authority responsible for a child’s rights not his or her parents. Germany has the highest rate of children taken into care from their parents by the State in the EU.
    Kathy Sinnott, Vice President of the Petitions Committee, stated “This petition brings into question workers’ mobility. One of the guarantees of the internal market is the freedom of movement of workers in the EU. There is an increasing awareness that workers have families and that flexibility to meet their needs should be part of employment law. However, Germany’s approach to home schooling compromises this and forces families to choose between a job and the best interests of the children. The need for family friendly employment policies must be recognised throughout the EU. We need to have flexibility in the education of children temporarily resident because of work. There is also an issue around the attitude to non-German families in the German children’s courts. I hope the dialogue between the Commission and the German State will resolve this discriminatory situation.”

And an excerpt from the petition:

We are not asking anyone here or in the European Commission to interfere with German law or the German school system.  As I have stated, there are numerous opportunities for the German authorities to generously allow the exceptions that already exist in German law.  The fact that celebrities who have a thriving pop music or acting career are granted such exceptions without a second glance whilst families such as ours and others whose children have very real educational needs that are not met within the German school system are subjected to draconian measures demonstrates the malicious intent behind such treatment.

You may read the entire petition here.

Homeschooling is not the gospel

Dangitbill! has an interesting post resulting from his first experience at a homeschool conference, a sort of baptism into the “homeschool culture” as he defines it. He makes some interesting observations, ones that I think may become more and more common as homeschooling becomes more “mainstream.”

What is interesting to me is that I agree with the speaker he is talking about…to a point. But these issues can all be taken to an unhealthy extreme, as well. It is a problem, I think, with taking matters of private conviction (homeschooling) and confusing them with a biblical world view. Homeschooling isn’t going to save Western Civilization. It can’t even save our own children. I think many Christians have confused the process with the goal, something that Brian addresses well.

Furthermore, the problem is not bad education, it is bad character (sin). The solution is not homeschooling, it is the gospel of Jesus Christ and participating in the growing kingdom of God. The utopian society is not homeschool grads in power, but the consummation of the kingdom of God which will only occur at the second coming of the Lord in glory. I fear that many in the Christian homeschooling movement have a false understanding of the problem, the solution, and the ultimate goal. And smooth-talking, eloquent, yet misguided speakers that give vision and encouragement to homeschooling parents are not helping build the kingdom of God.

For the most part, the true “evangelists” of homeschooling make me nervous. The underlying message of the speaker in question is not that far removed from the words of Reverend Drake to the media in regards to the re-hearing of the case out in California.

The Bible, our legal document, says the family is required to educate children based on the Scriptures,” Drake said. “We’re against government schooling in any form. People who put their kids in public school probably should be arrested.” LA Times

There is a sort of sentiment that we need to free kids from the public school system, releasing God’s children from the hand of Pharoah. And here it is worded more directly, from the good people over at Exodus Mandate.

“Today some 12-15 million evangelical Christian children, or 90% of the children from Christian families, are still attending government schools which are now totally hostile to their faith. If these families were to leave Pharoah’s schools for the promised land of Christian schools or home-schooling, it could trigger the spiritual awakening we are all praying and longing for to renew our churches, our nation, and our debased culture. This event could seriously cripple the power secularism now holds over our culture by holding our children as near-hostages in state schools.” Exodus Mandate Project

If I were to get into the religious aspect of this, I would say E. Ray Moore, Jr. has it backwards. If there were to be a “renewal” of our churches (meaning if they all agreed with Mr. Moore), then these parents would be increasingly likely to withdraw their children to either homeschool them or send them to a private Christian school. But the fact is that the referred to government schools are not “totally hostile to their faith.” Perhaps their faith is not quite the same or perhaps their schools are more tolerant than the ones Moore has direct experience with. I am a former public school teacher, my students were deeply religious and there were no conflicts. None at all.

Actually, I fear that some of these overzealous arguments against public schools do more to close people off from the idea of homeschooling than anything. And I do not think that running from the public school system is the best reason to homeschool. It is a little too reactionary for my tastes. Parents should choose homeschooling for the benefits they see to their family, not out of fear of the public school system.

For the most part, these kinds of opinions are effectively harmless. They encourage those who are already inclined to agree with them. Those who don’t? They don’t really listen, roll their eyes, or go off to complain about how homeschoolers are involved in some sort of dominionist plot to overthrow the government and replace it with a theocracy. But we are talking about a subgroup of a subgroup of American society. Too big of a protest ends up being more of a tempest in a teapot than anything.

As I mentioned in my comment on his blog, I think part of the problem is a sort of disconnect between those speaking at conventions and the “modern day” homeschooler. Even those homeschooling more or less for religious reasons are not necessarily of “the same stripe” as those who pulled their kids from the public school back when homeschoolers feared leaving the house during the day and prayed they wouldn’t be fined or jailed. We don’t necessarily view public education as inherently evil. We don’t necessarily view homeschooling as the only possible way of rearing Christian children. We don’t necessarily equate advancing the Kingdom of Christ with reforming the nation’s laws to suit our beliefs. But this newer “generation” of homeschoolers also hasn’t been around long enough to be landing speaking engagements at homeschool conferences.

I am curious what it will be like ten or fifteen years from now. Will the tone of speakers at homeschool conferences slowly change and adapt to a changing audience? Or will an increasingly large number of homeschoolers feel alienated by the conferences which are meant to encourage them?

___________________

Irrelevant, but they are my baby’s first steps.   And simply adorable.

And an update:  Spunky adds her thoughts.  She notes:

There are those that have that goal and actively worry that homeschooling is at a crossroads and in danger of becoming polluted with a “big tent” philosophy.

And shares a note to Doug Phillips earlier this year.  Homeschooling “polluted?”  Losing its covenentatl vision?  That is something to perhaps worry about in your home or your church, but in homeschooling?  What does that even mean?  But I do agree that over time, conventions will likely expand to meet the changing “market.”  But they will likely epand by proliferating, which is perfectly fine.  In response, the existing conventions are likely to become more narrowly focused and more exclusive in their practices. 

Homeschool Threat Level: Orange

Homeschool Security Alert SystemIntroducing: The Homeschool Security Advisory System.

By now, we are all well-aware of Homeland Security’s version of the terror alert system, but the color coded alert system is based on analysis of four basic criteria:

  1. To what degree is the threat information credible?
  2. To what degree is the threat information corroborated?
  3. To what degree is the threat specific and/or imminent?
  4. How grave are the potential consequences of the threat?

Because of the developing case in California and the subsequent media coverage, HSLDA has placed homeschoolers on high alert (level Orange). This condition is declared when there is a high risk of homeschool attacks by media and politicians. In addition to other protective measures, homeschool advocates should consider the following general measures:

Stay Informed and Alert.

Visit HSLDA’s California homepage for updates and sign up for HSLDA’s free e-lert service to receive up-to-the-minute emails.

Join a State Homeschool Organization.

Join HSLDA.

“The L family was doing it on their own and didn’t join HSLDA,” says Roy Hanson. “It would have been totally different had they been members of HSLDA. They would have gotten better counsel. This wouldn’t have happened.”

Stay Home.

“Be a good testimony. During the day, homeschool. Don’t be out at the gym, or out to lunch, or shopping in the mall.” (Grace Andrus, homeschooling mother)

If you note any suspicious activity on the part of journalists or politicians, please report it immediately. This concludes the homeschool security alert.

#####

To be honest, the somewhat self-serving “join HSLDA now” type messages do not really bother me. I scan over them with the newsletters I get from the AFL-CIO, and am just as capable of reading past them with HSLDA’s publications. Most organizations do that to some extent. I do take issue with the quote from Roy Hanson. Would this case have turned out differently had the L. Family been HSLDA members? Their non-membership is pointed out in almost every article HSLDA has published on the case, but I cannot help but wonder what difference it would have made, if any. This case started in the 80’s as an abuse case and HSLDA would have offered nothing more than friendly advise over the phone. Until it was clearly switching to a homeschooling issue, I don’t see where HSLDA would have stepped in…if so, at the earliest it would have been November 2007. But the L family had also dismissed their own lawyer and wasn’t receiving legal counsel throughout the case. We’ve discussed these issues here before, but really…with the public already perceiving homeschooling as a means of hiding abuse, how closely does HSLDA really want to identify with a family that has a history of sustained abuse allegations? Certainly they, too, deserve appropriate legal counsel, but that question nags at me every time people bring up how different it would be had the family only joined HSLDA.

The part of the article which jumped out at me, and inspired my little jab, was the quote near the end which I originally read over at Homeschool and Etc. and is what sent me looking for the entire article. “Be a good testimony. . . . homeschool . . . don’t [go] out.

Isn’t that what we came from? A fear of being seen in public for fear someone would find out we were homeschooling? Now, I do agree that the best thing homeschoolers can do for homeschooling is to simply educate their children well. That is all any of us want in the first place, and in the end, I believe it shows. But there are two things I object to in the quote.

First: My family is not on the same schedule as the public schools. We do not do school from 9 to 3, from the end of August to the end of May. We homeschool year round, with breaks that suit us. My husband does not have a 9 to 5 job, nor does he have weekends. Right now, he has no scheduled days off, and we take time with him when we get it. When he moves back to Lincoln, he will work seven days and be off three. Part of why we homeschool is so that we can still have family time despite the odd work hours. School can wait. And while you might see us all at the zoo, or at WalMart, or shopping for beds at two o’clock on a Thursday afternoon, you might also find us working on a science project on a Saturday afternoon in the middle of summer.

Second: To some extent, going to the gym, out to lunch and running errands is homeschooling. The biggest objection to homeschooling seems to be “What about socialization?” But then we want to respond to the criticism by hiding out in our homes? My children need time to develop friendships, too, and why not at McDonald’s after meeting up with other homeschoolers at the YMCA? And have I mentioned that it is a 45 minute drive to just about anywhere from here? Meaning that I am not going to come home immediately after a planned activity and do errands later.

So I won’t be adjusting our family’s schedule any time soon. And you know what? I’m not sure this is the most detrimental thing that homeschoolers can do. In fact, it might actually have some potential benefits. When we are out during school hours, we get questions. “Is school out?” “Did you have an appointment?” But it is in these casual conversations in the grocery aisle that I have had most of my opportunities to really talk to non-homeschoolers about homeschooling. Most are polite and curious, and most are quite open to the idea of not being bound by the school schedule. Many have remarked at how sweet my children are and how helpful they are in getting the cart loaded. They are not always model children in public, but they are pretty normal kids who neither hide behind their mother when strangers speak to them nor do they become obnoxious.

When else will anyone even notice that we are homeschoolers?

CA, NH, HSLDA and Homeschool Co-Ops (show notes)

Here are (finally) my promised show notes. The show is available for download here: Home School Talk. I realized two thing during the show. I need to do a better job at preparing more stories than I could possibly cover and preparing for the fact that it will probably be awhile before many people call in. But that is neither here nor there.

The biggest story is probably last week’s decision by a lower court regarding the Long case. The court terminated its jurisdiction over the Long family, leaving many homeschool advocates hopeful this would moot the case before the appeals court. The article I quoted comes from the LA Times.

“It should mean the whole thing goes away,” said Michael Farris, chairman of the Home School Legal Defense Assn. “I’m very optimistic for the long haul. I don’t see how in the world this case could be upheld. That [dismissal] absolutely bolsters my optimism greatly.”

But not everyone agrees.

Edward Steinman, a law professor at Santa Clara University, said he does not believe that the family court dismissal undermines the ruling, but it could provide easy political cover if the appellate court wants to get out of the spotlight.

“I don’t think it moots the case. I think it’s two separate issues,” he said. “The family court issue is the one that triggered [the ruling], but family court is not the one that made” the ruling.

“It should have no effect,” he said. “But it became a political football, and the [appellate] court may use this to say ‘let’s just punt.’ “

I also mentioned Tammy Takahashi’s blog, Just Enough And Nothing More, as a good source for information on the case. She notes that the statewide groups have not yet issued a formal statement.

Right now, the three state-wide homeschooling groups are remaining quiet. In an unofficial email sent out to one of the groups, it was made clear that the reason that they are quiet, is because they cannot be certain what this means for the case, despite Mike Farris’ confidence. Just as with everything that has happened thus far, there are many possible outcomes. CA Juvenile Court Drops out of Homeschooling Case

I also mention the change to New Hampshire’s homeschool law (discussed at more length here). As well as HSLDA’s Op-Ed piece that appeared in the Washington Times. When I wrote about this yesterday, I focused more on who the “real” pioneers of the homeschool movement may have been with a not-so-positive treatment of the man who probably did the most to make Nebraska’s law what it is today. Stephanie of Throwing Marshmallows also shared some links in the comments from an article connecting the growth of homeschooling in her state with resistance to racial integration. I can’t say just how much of an impact this subset of homeschoolers had, but it makes sense that these kinds of groups would have stood their ground longer, despite the rising cost to their families in both fines and jail time. I address this in the show, although at that point I was realizing that I had gone through my prepared notes faster than planned so began to ramble a bit. But I also went into more detail about someone who was very influential in the homeschool movement who was left out: R. J. Rushdoony. Since he has had a significant impact on HSLDA, the omission seems curious, but he was not nearly as public as Holt and Moore, who are featured in the original piece.

At about 1:30, Carol Topp, the Homeschool CPA, called in to discuss her book Homeschool Co-ops. She provides a lot of information about co-ops, both the advantages and disadvantages and also how co-ops can protect themselves from theft and file for tax-exempt or nonprofit status. During the interview, she mentions two websites:

Top School Fundraisers

Fundraisingmom.com

This is about halfway into the show so it is pretty easy to skip to the interview, if you are more interested in hearing her experience with homeschool co-ops. She also makes a sample chapter available through her website, if you are interested.

Who are the pioneers of the homeschool movement?

Note: Please join me at 1PM CST today for Home School Talk! (The show will be available for download after the broadcast and my notes are now available).

HSLDA has an interesting op-ed out in the Washington Times which I have come back to in my thoughts numerous times since I first read it last week. In a way, it is a nice little essay about how we should thank the “homeschooling pioneers” for the liberties we enjoy today. It is always interesting to look back to the beginnings of a thought, an idea, a movement to see where it came from and understand how it became what it is. History, being the story of ourselves, is also somewhat subjective and we can see a lot of how we view ourselves in the histories we write.

The first thing which struck me as I read the essay was the presentation of the two homeschool pioneers mentioned in the essay: John Holt and Raymond Moore. But were they really “pioneers?”

pi·o·neer, n

1. One who ventures into unknown or unclaimed territory to settle.
John Holt was attempting to reform education. He met with little success in public school and not much more in the private schools where he taught. So in one of his writings, he sort of mused about an “Underground Railroad” to assist children in escaping the system, whether or not it were legal. Sensing a potential kindred spirit, letters began pouring in from homeschooling families across the nation and Holt dedicated the rest of his life to this work. Was he the pioneer? Or were those families who first chose to remove their children from the school system, not knowing what the eventual consequences would be? This is in no way meant to belittle the impact Holt had on homeschooling, but he seems to me to have been more thrust into a position of leadership of a movement that was already a growing force in America.
The Moores had a more developed homeschool philosophy, committed to keeping children (and especially boys) home until they were eight. But even they did not really begin looking seriously at homeschooling as solid pedagogy for older children until they saw just how many people were successfully doing exactly that in their homes.
Personally, I like to think of the homeschool “movement” led by those who simply chose to go a different route, sometimes never having heard of “homeschooling” before and certainly never having read any books on the subject. Movements start with individuals, and not necessarily always with individuals who already have a public presence. Every day people living out their convictions can and do have an impact on their communities.
But then there is that homeschool pioneer here in Nebraska who is often referred to, but seldom by name. Perhaps that is a fluke of where and when I have heard the inspirational speech about the standoff between a little church not too far from here and local law enforcement, leaving church members holed up in their church for days. Church doors being chained shut. Fathers being arrested. Mothers fleeing the state with their children. Plans to get children across state lines should authorities arrive.
What kind of person looks at a plan to get their child across state lines in the event the state should become aware of their activities and then goes ahead and pulls their child from school and enrolls them in this little unaccredited school in the basement of a church? Even today, I might just go ahead and walk down to our local school and enroll my children. I am committed to homeschooling, but I’m not sure if I am that committed.
But I also have a hard time saying I am thankful to these pioneers. They certainly brought the attention to Nebraska, and prompted the governor to declare it “embarrassing” to have the state engaged in this battle with churches. Their conflict led to the ability to file for a religious exemption, allowing for the operation of unaccredited private schools and hence homeschools. This was later expanded to include philosophical objections as well. But little is said about what was actually being taught in the basement of that church which sparked all the controversy. It took some time for me to dig up his name which does not even appear on the Nebraska Christian Home Educators Association website’s history of homeschooling in Nebraska. But the famous pastor of that little church in Louisville, Nebraska was none other than the Reverend Everett Sileven. And some of his choice teachings?
“Other races are not gifted with the tools of nature to be industrious developers of agriculture, industry, civilizations, governments, etc. as Adam was so gifted. … Though the non-white races had inhabited the earth for many centuries before Adam, the world stayed in its non-developed stage until Adam came on the scene. … God in His sovereign grace created another race, `man’ (Adamites), white for effect, and created another section in him (Adam) beyond the body and soul of the other animals and races. Adam has a third section, called the human spirit. It was in this spirit of man that God himself would dwell” (Everett Ramsey, Multiculturalism: Racemixing–The Sin for Which God Will Kill, America Today Publishers, 1994, p. 9). (Pastor Sileven changed his name to Ramsey)
An interesting place for his name to appear: Archive of Extremist Events by State, 2006. And a little more about this organization he is attached to. Forgive me if I am a little leery of actually thanking him, or his philosophical counterparts for their part in the homeschool movement. But they appear to still be out there, “mingling among us,” so to speak, as evidenced by some odd comments which popped up over at Spunky’s blog. And while race has certainly never entered into these discussions, conspiracy theories abound in the discussions I have had with other homeschoolers. I presume they have differing origins, but the Christian Identity movement certainly seems to have its influence in a number of places.
But it makes me curious. Is Nebraska’s history unique? Or just what were the teachings of those first homeschoolers in your state who stood firm despite what may have seemed like an inevitable conflict with the state?

“Why would we ever buy a book?” asks principal

What an odd thing for a principal to say.

“Why would we ever buy a book when we can buy a computer? Textbooks are often obsolete before they are even printed,” said Debra Socia, principal of the school in Dorchester, a tough Boston district prone to crime and poor schools. Reuters

It reminds me of that annoying advertisement for Leap Pad. The scary looking guy in the frog suit is hyping how the tag reading system will develop a lifelong love of reading while comparing the system to a “boring” book. “Why would you want to read this?” He asks.

Indeed. Why bother with books? The principal of the Lilla G. Frederick Pilot Middle School in Boston, Massachusetts says as much. At least they have a library. Stocked with novels.

And as the opening of the article states:

From online courses to kid-friendly laptops and virtual teachers, technology is spreading in America’s classrooms, reducing the need for textbooks, notepads, paper and in some cases even the schools themselves. Ibid.

I can’t help but wonder something else. What about socialization? Why do we worry about the social development of kids educated at home by their parents, but not about that of kids educated in front of a monitor? Education is a fundamentally human enterprise and as such, human contact…real, not virtual…is central.

What kind of a future are we preparing our youth for as we replace teachers with videos, books with blogs, community with chat rooms?

Don’t get me wrong. There is also huge potential in virtual education, allowing each student to work at his or her own pace, tailoring a unique educational program to each child and providing instant feedback. It offers wonderful opportunities for homeschool families who feel unqualified to teach a specific subject area. But somehow a room of thirty students each doing their own thing on a laptop seems sterile, allowing us to drift even more into a nation of individuals who scarcely recognize their neighbors and for whom community is almost a foreign concept unless it is organized through Facebook.

And that brings me to a quote I’ve been pondering for awhile. Unfortunately, the odd nature of Internet quote sites allows for quotes to be continually spread without source attribution, and the quote itself seems frightfully like something somebody made up and passed around. But whether Plato or some guy at a computer first penned the words, I think the underlying sentiment is valid and important to consider as we move ever more into this digital age.

Someday, in the distant future, our grandchildren’s grandchildren will develop a new equivalent of our classrooms - they will spend many hours in front of boxes with fires glowing within. May they have the wisdom to know the difference between knowledge and light. Plato 428 BC - 348BC (first read at The Difference Between Light and Knowledge)

Do children raised in such a media saturated environment truly grasp the difference between light and knowledge? Between skills and understanding? Between chat rooms and conversations? Between avatars and people? Between virtual reality and actual reality? Or have the lines become too blurred to draw a clear distinction?

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